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MacBinary | 1994-06-22 | 1.1 MB | [ ONLN/HLX2]
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This file was processed as: MacBinary
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MacBinary II, inited, Sun Jun 19 13:35:49 1994, modified Wed Jun 22 13:36:59 1994, creator 'HLX2', type 'ONLN', 1161400 bytes "Dylan Interim Book" , at 0x11b938 21303 bytes resource
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99%
file
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TrID
MacBinary 2
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siegfried
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lsar
MacBinary
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id metadata key value macFileType [ ONLN] macFileCreator [ HLX2]
hex view +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ |00000000| 00 12 44 79 6c 61 6e 20 | 49 6e 74 65 72 69 6d 20 |..Dylan |Interim | |00000010| 42 6f 6f 6b 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |Book....|........| |00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000040| 00 4f 4e 4c 4e 48 4c 58 | 32 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.ONLNHLX|2.......| |00000050| 00 00 00 00 11 b8 b8 00 | 00 53 37 aa 2a 32 75 aa |........|.S7.*2u.| |00000060| 2e 27 3b 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.';.....|........| |00000070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 81 81 6a de 00 00 |........|....j...| |00000080| 44 79 6c 61 6e 54 4d 20 | 0d 49 6e 74 65 72 69 6d |DylanTM |.Interim| |00000090| 20 0d 52 65 66 65 72 65 | 6e 63 65 20 4d 61 6e 75 | .Refere|nce Manu| |000000a0| 61 6c 0d 20 2c 20 0d a9 | 20 31 39 39 32 2d 31 39 |al. , ..| 1992-19| |000000b0| 39 34 20 41 70 70 6c 65 | 20 43 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 |94 Apple| Compute| |000000c0| 72 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 0d | 41 6c 6c 20 72 69 67 68 |r, Inc..|All righ| |000000d0| 74 73 20 72 65 73 65 72 | 76 65 64 2e 0d 0d 41 70 |ts reser|ved...Ap| |000000e0| 70 6c 65 20 43 6f 6d 70 | 75 74 65 72 2c 20 49 6e |ple Comp|uter, In| |000000f0| 63 2e 0d 32 30 35 32 35 | 20 4d 61 72 69 61 6e 69 |c..20525| Mariani| |00000100| 20 41 76 65 6e 75 65 0d | 43 75 70 65 72 74 69 6e | Avenue.|Cupertin| |00000110| 6f 2c 20 43 41 20 39 35 | 30 31 34 2d 36 32 39 39 |o, CA 95|014-6299| |00000120| 0d 34 30 38 2d 39 39 36 | 2d 31 30 31 30 0d 41 70 |.408-996|-1010.Ap| |00000130| 70 6c 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 41 70 70 |ple, and| the App| |00000140| 6c 65 20 4c 6f 67 6f 20 | 61 72 65 20 74 72 61 64 |le Logo |are trad| |00000150| 65 6d 61 72 6b 73 20 6f | 66 20 41 70 70 6c 65 20 |emarks o|f Apple | |00000160| 43 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 | 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 2c 20 |Computer|, Inc., | |00000170| 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |register|ed in th| |00000180| 65 20 55 6e 69 74 65 64 | 20 53 74 61 74 65 73 20 |e United| States | |00000190| 61 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 72 |and othe|r countr| |000001a0| 69 65 73 2e 20 20 44 79 | 6c 61 6e 20 69 73 20 61 |ies. 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E| |00000240| 69 66 66 65 6c 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 74 72 61 64 65 |iffel is| a trade| |00000250| 6d 61 72 6b 20 6f 66 20 | 49 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 |mark of |Interact| |00000260| 69 76 65 20 53 6f 66 74 | 77 61 72 65 20 45 6e 67 |ive Soft|ware Eng| |00000270| 69 6e 65 65 72 69 6e 67 | 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 0d 4c |ineering|, Inc..L| |00000280| 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 57 | 61 72 72 61 6e 74 79 20 |imited W|arranty | |00000290| 6f 6e 20 4d 65 64 69 61 | 20 61 6e 64 20 52 65 70 |on Media| and Rep| |000002a0| 6c 61 63 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 0d 45 76 65 6e 20 74 68 |lacement|.Even th| |000002b0| 6f 75 67 68 20 41 70 70 | 6c 65 20 68 61 73 20 72 |ough App|le has r| |000002c0| 65 76 69 65 77 65 64 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 6d 61 6e |eviewed |this man| |000002d0| 75 61 6c 2c 20 41 70 70 | 6c 65 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 |ual, App|le makes| |000002e0| 20 6e 6f 20 77 61 72 72 | 61 6e 74 79 20 6f 72 20 | no warr|anty or | |000002f0| 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e | 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 2c |represen|tation ,| |00000300| 20 65 69 74 68 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6c 65 | 20 64 65 61 6c 65 72 2c |No Apple| dealer,| |00000560| 20 61 67 65 6e 74 2c 20 | 6f 72 20 65 6d 70 6c 6f | agent, |or emplo| |00000570| 79 65 65 20 69 73 20 61 | 75 74 68 6f 72 69 7a 65 |yee is a|uthorize| |00000580| 64 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b | 65 20 61 6e 79 20 6d 6f |d to mak|e any mo| |00000590| 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 65 78 74 65 |dificati|on, exte| |000005a0| 6e 73 69 6f 6e 2c 20 6f | 72 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 |nsion, o|r additi| |000005b0| 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 77 61 72 72 61 |on to th|is warra| |000005c0| 6e 74 79 2e 0d 53 6f 6d | 65 20 73 74 61 74 65 73 |nty..Som|e states| |000005d0| 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 61 6c 6c 6f 77 20 74 68 | do not |allow th| |000005e0| 65 20 65 78 63 6c 75 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 72 20 6c |e exclus|ion or l| |000005f0| 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 69 6d 70 |imitatio|n of imp| |00000600| 6c 69 65 64 20 77 61 72 | 72 61 6e 74 69 65 73 20 |lied war|ranties | |00000610| 6f 72 20 6c 69 61 62 69 | 6c 69 74 79 20 66 6f 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|000006e0| 72 6f 6d 20 73 74 61 74 | 65 20 20 74 6f 20 73 74 |rom stat|e to st| |000006f0| 61 74 65 2e 0d 41 62 6f | 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 |ate..Abo|ut this | |00000700| 4d 61 6e 75 61 6c 0d 57 | 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |Manual.W|hen the | |00000710| 66 69 72 73 74 20 44 79 | 6c 61 6e 20 6d 61 6e 75 |first Dy|lan manu| |00000720| 61 6c 20 77 61 73 20 70 | 75 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 |al was p|ublished| |00000730| 20 69 6e 20 31 39 39 32 | 2c 20 69 74 20 77 61 73 | in 1992|, it was| |00000740| 20 6d 65 74 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 61 6e 20 65 6e 74 | met wit|h an ent| |00000750| 68 75 73 69 61 73 74 69 | 63 20 72 65 73 70 6f 6e |husiasti|c respon| |00000760| 73 65 2e 20 20 50 65 6f | 70 6c 65 20 61 67 72 65 |se. Peo|ple agre| |00000770| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 6f 75 72 20 67 6f 61 6c |ed with |our goal| |00000780| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 |s for th|e langua| |00000790| 67 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6d 61 6e 79 20 70 65 6f |ge, and |many peo| |000007a0| 70 6c 65 20 73 75 67 67 | 65 73 74 65 64 20 77 61 |ple sugg|ested wa| |000007b0| 79 73 20 69 6e 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 44 79 6c 61 |ys in wh|ich Dyla| |000007c0| 6e 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 6d |n could |better m| |000007d0| 65 65 74 20 69 74 73 20 | 67 6f 61 6c 73 2e 0d 53 |eet its |goals..S| |000007e0| 69 6e 63 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 |ince tha|t time, | |000007f0| 61 6e 20 65 78 70 61 6e | 64 65 64 20 67 72 6f 75 |an expan|ded grou| |00000800| 70 20 6f 66 20 65 6e 67 | 69 6e 65 65 72 73 20 62 |p of eng|ineers b| |00000810| 6f 74 68 20 69 6e 73 69 | 64 65 20 61 6e 64 20 6f |oth insi|de and o| |00000820| 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 41 | 70 70 6c 65 20 68 61 76 |utside A|pple hav| |00000830| 65 20 77 6f 72 6b 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 72 65 66 69 |e worked| to refi| |00000840| 6e 65 20 74 68 65 20 6c | 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 |ne the l|anguage | |00000850| 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 69 | 6e 20 72 65 73 70 6f 6e |design i|n respon| |00000860| 73 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 6f 73 65 20 73 75 67 67 |se to th|ose sugg| |00000870| 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c 61 |estions.| The la| |00000880| 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 68 | 61 73 20 62 65 63 6f 6d |nguage h|as becom| |00000890| 65 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 | 72 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 6f |e simple|r and mo| |000008a0| 72 65 20 65 66 66 69 63 | 69 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 4c |re effic|ient. L| |000008b0| 6f 6f 73 65 20 65 6e 64 | 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 |oose end|s have b| |000008c0| 65 65 6e 20 74 69 65 64 | 20 75 70 2e 20 20 54 68 |een tied| up. 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A ne| |000009e0| 77 20 44 79 6c 61 6e 20 | 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 |w Dylan |language| |000009f0| 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | referen|ce will | |00000a00| 62 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 | 73 68 65 64 20 65 61 72 |be publi|shed ear| |00000a10| 6c 79 20 69 6e 20 31 39 | 39 35 2e 20 20 54 68 65 |ly in 19|95. The| |00000a20| 20 6e 65 77 20 62 6f 6f | 6b 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 | new boo|k will b| |00000a30| 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 66 69 6e 69 74 69 76 65 |e the de|finitive| |00000a40| 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | specifi|cation o| |00000a50| 66 20 74 68 65 20 44 79 | 6c 61 6e 20 6c 61 6e 67 |f the Dy|lan lang| |00000a60| 75 61 67 65 2e 20 20 41 | 70 70 6c 65 20 69 73 20 |uage. A|pple is | |00000a70| 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e 67 20 | 63 6c 6f 73 65 6c 79 20 |working |closely | |00000a80| 77 69 74 68 20 6f 74 68 | 65 72 20 44 79 6c 61 6e |with oth|er Dylan| |00000a90| 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 6f 72 73 20 74 6f | impleme|ntors to| |00000aa0| 20 65 6e 73 75 72 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | ensure |that the| |00000ab0| 20 6e 65 77 20 62 6f 6f | 6b 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e | new boo|k will n| |00000ac0| 6f 74 20 62 65 20 41 70 | 70 6c 65 2d 73 70 65 63 |ot be Ap|ple-spec| |00000ad0| 69 66 69 63 2c 20 62 75 | 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 |ific, bu|t will a| |00000ae0| 70 70 6c 79 20 65 71 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 |pply equ|ally to | |00000af0| 61 6c 6c 20 44 79 6c 61 | 6e 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d |all Dyla|n implem| |00000b00| 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 2e 0d 57 65 20 72 65 |entation|s..We re| |00000b10| 61 6c 69 7a 65 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 |alize th|at many | |00000b20| 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 77 | 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 72 |people w|ant to r| |00000b30| 65 61 64 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 44 79 6c 61 6e 20 |ead abou|t Dylan | |00000b40| 6e 6f 77 21 20 20 46 6f | 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 |now! Fo|r that r| |00000b50| 65 61 73 6f 6e 2c 20 74 | 6f 20 66 69 6c 6c 20 74 |eason, t|o fill t| |00000b60| 68 65 20 67 61 70 20 75 | 6e 74 69 6c 20 74 68 65 |he gap u|ntil the| |00000b70| 20 6e 65 77 20 62 6f 6f | 6b 20 69 73 20 70 75 62 | new boo|k is pub| |00000b80| 6c 69 73 68 65 64 2c 20 | 77 65 d5 76 65 20 70 75 |lished, |we.ve pu| |00000b90| 74 20 74 6f 67 65 74 68 | 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 44 |t togeth|er the D| |00000ba0| 79 6c 61 6e 20 49 6e 74 | 65 72 69 6d 20 52 65 66 |ylan Int|erim Ref| |00000bb0| 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 4d | 61 6e 75 61 6c 2e 20 20 |erence M|anual. | |00000bc0| 54 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 |This doc|ument is| |00000bd0| 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 69 6d 20 75 73 65 72 | an inte|rim user| |00000be0| 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | referen|ce for t| |00000bf0| 68 65 20 44 79 6c 61 6e | 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 |he Dylan| languag| |00000c00| 65 2e 20 20 49 74 20 63 | 6f 6d 62 69 6e 65 73 20 |e. 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I| |00003630| 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 65 73 20 68 6f 77 20 |t addres|ses how | |00003640| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 64 65 73 |programs| are des| |00003650| 63 72 69 62 65 64 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 69 74 20 64 |cribed, |but it d| |00003660| 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 |oes not |address | |00003670| 6d 61 6e 79 20 70 72 6f | 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 6f 66 |many pro|blems of| |00003680| 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 79 | 2d 74 6f 2d 64 61 79 20 | the day|-to-day | |00003690| 61 63 74 69 76 69 74 79 | 20 6f 66 20 70 72 6f 67 |activity| of prog| |000036a0| 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 2e | 20 20 49 74 20 64 6f 65 |ramming.| It doe| |000036b0| 73 6e d5 74 20 63 68 61 | 6e 67 65 20 70 72 6f 67 |sn.t cha|nge prog| |000036c0| 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 d5 | 73 20 61 77 6b 77 61 72 |ramming.|s awkwar| |000036d0| 64 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 66 | 6c 6f 77 2c 20 6e 6f 72 |d work f|low, nor| |000036e0| 20 64 6f 65 73 20 69 74 | 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 61 6e | does it| make an| |000036f0| 79 20 67 75 61 72 61 6e | 74 65 65 73 20 61 62 6f |y guaran|tees abo| |00003700| 75 74 20 72 6f 62 75 73 | 74 6e 65 73 73 2c 20 6e |ut robus|tness, n| |00003710| 6f 72 20 64 6f 65 73 20 | 69 74 20 72 65 6c 69 65 |or does |it relie| |00003720| 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 |ve the p|rogramme| |00003730| 72 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 6e | 79 20 74 65 64 69 6f 75 |r of man|y tediou| |00003740| 73 20 62 6f 6f 6b 6b 65 | 65 70 69 6e 67 20 74 61 |s bookke|eping ta| |00003750| 73 6b 73 2c 20 74 61 73 | 6b 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 |sks, tas|ks which| |00003760| 20 61 72 65 20 62 65 74 | 74 65 72 20 70 65 72 66 | are bet|ter perf| |00003770| 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 |ormed by| a compu| |00003780| 74 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 62 79 20 61 20 68 75 |ter than| by a hu| |00003790| 6d 61 6e 2e 0d 54 6f 64 | 61 79 d5 73 20 6d 6f 73 |man..Tod|ay.s mos| |000037a0| 74 20 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 | 72 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |t popula|r object| |000037b0| 20 6f 72 69 65 6e 74 65 | 64 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 | oriente|d langua| |000037c0| 67 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 73 74 |ges are |still st| |000037d0| 61 74 69 63 20 6c 61 6e | 67 75 61 67 65 73 2e 20 |atic lan|guages. | |000037e0| 20 49 6e 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 | In such| languag| |000037f0| 65 73 2c 20 6d 6f 73 74 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |es, most| of the | |00003800| 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 61 62 6f 75 |informat|ion abou| |00003810| 74 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 73 20 69 73 20 64 69 73 |t object|s is dis| |00003820| 63 61 72 64 65 64 20 64 | 75 72 69 6e 67 20 63 6f |carded d|uring co| |00003830| 6d 70 69 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 2c 20 73 6f 20 70 72 |mpilatio|n, so pr| |00003840| 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 63 | 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 |ograms c|annot be| |00003850| 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 65 | 64 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 | modifie|d withou| |00003860| 74 20 72 65 63 6f 6d 70 | 69 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c |t recomp|ilation,| |00003870| 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 62 | 75 67 67 69 6e 67 20 69 | and deb|ugging i| |00003880| 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 6c | 69 6b 65 6c 79 20 74 6f |s more l|ikely to| |00003890| 20 6f 63 63 75 72 20 61 | 74 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e | occur a|t machin| |000038a0| 65 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 | 74 68 61 6e 20 74 68 65 |e level |than the| |000038b0| 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 61 | 74 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | level a|t which | |000038c0| 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 20 77 61 73 20 |the prog|ram was | |000038d0| 64 65 73 69 67 6e 65 64 | 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 61 64 |designed|. 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72 |nagement| bugs ar| |00003d20| 65 20 61 6d 6f 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 |e among |the most| |00003d30| 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 | 61 6e 64 20 64 69 66 66 | common |and diff| |00003d40| 69 63 75 6c 74 20 65 72 | 72 6f 72 73 20 69 6e 20 |icult er|rors in | |00003d50| 73 74 61 74 69 63 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 |static p|rogrammi| |00003d60| 6e 67 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 | 61 67 65 73 2e 20 20 42 |ng langu|ages. B| |00003d70| 75 67 73 20 69 6e 76 6f | 6c 76 69 6e 67 20 64 61 |ugs invo|lving da| |00003d80| 6e 67 6c 69 6e 67 20 70 | 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 20 |ngling p|ointers | |00003d90| 61 6e 64 20 74 77 69 63 | 65 2d 66 72 65 65 64 20 |and twic|e-freed | |00003da0| 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 6f |objects |are noto| |00003db0| 72 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 | 68 61 72 64 20 74 6f 20 |riously |hard to | |00003dc0| 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 6f | 77 6e 2e 0d 54 68 65 20 |track do|wn..The | |00003dd0| 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 | 20 72 75 6e 2d 74 69 6d |language| run-tim| |00003de0| 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6e | 6f 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 |e, and n|ot the p| |00003df0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 | 72 2c 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |rogramme|r, shoul| |00003e00| 64 20 62 65 20 72 65 73 | 70 6f 6e 73 69 62 6c 65 |d be res|ponsible| |00003e10| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c | 6f 63 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | for all|ocating | |00003e20| 73 74 6f 72 61 67 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 6f 62 6a 65 |storage |for obje| |00003e30| 63 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 72 65 63 6c 61 69 6d 69 |cts and |reclaimi| |00003e40| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 74 6f 72 61 67 65 20 6f |ng the s|torage o| |00003e50| 66 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |f object|s which | |00003e60| 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 20 6c | 6f 6e 67 65 72 20 75 73 |are no l|onger us| |00003e70| 65 64 2e 20 54 68 65 72 | 65 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 |ed. Ther|e should| |00003e80| 20 62 65 20 6e 6f 20 65 | 78 70 6c 69 63 69 74 20 | be no e|xplicit | |00003e90| 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 | 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 73 20 |procedur|e calls | |00003ea0| 66 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c 6f | 63 61 74 69 6e 67 20 6f |for allo|cating o| |00003eb0| 72 20 64 65 61 6c 6c 6f | 63 61 74 69 6e 67 20 6d |r deallo|cating m| |00003ec0| 65 6d 6f 72 79 2c 20 6f | 72 20 66 6f 72 20 64 65 |emory, o|r for de| |00003ed0| 61 6c 6c 6f 63 61 74 69 | 6e 67 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 |allocati|ng objec| |00003ee0| 74 73 2e 20 0d 49 6e 20 | 61 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 65 |ts. .In |a well e| |00003ef0| 6e 67 69 6e 65 65 72 65 | 64 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d |ngineere|d implem| |00003f00| 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 61 75 74 6f 6d 61 |entation|, automa| |00003f10| 74 69 63 20 6d 65 6d 6f | 72 79 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 |tic memo|ry manag| |00003f20| 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 |ement sh|ould be | |00003f30| 72 6f 62 75 73 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 63 61 6c 61 |robust a|nd scala| |00003f40| 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 20 49 | 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 |ble. 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Erro| |00004de0| 72 73 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | 64 20 62 65 20 64 65 73 |rs shoul|d be des| |00004df0| 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 68 69 67 68 2d 6c |cribed i|n high-l| |00004e00| 65 76 65 6c 20 74 65 72 | 6d 73 20 73 69 6d 69 6c |evel ter|ms simil| |00004e10| 61 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 6f 73 65 20 75 73 65 64 |ar to th|ose used| |00004e20| 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | by the |programm| |00004e30| 65 72 20 69 6e 20 63 6f | 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 |er in co|nstructi| |00004e40| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 |ng the p|rogram. | |00004e50| 20 49 6e 73 70 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 66 61 63 69 | Inspect|ion faci| |00004e60| 6c 69 74 69 65 73 20 73 | 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 73 68 |lities s|hould sh| |00004e70| 6f 77 20 61 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 61 73 20 |ow a pro|gram as | |00004e80| 61 20 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |a collec|tion of | |00004e90| 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 2c | 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 73 20 |objects,| not as | |00004ea0| 61 20 6d 61 73 73 20 6f | 66 20 75 6e 64 69 66 66 |a mass o|f undiff| |00004eb0| 65 72 65 6e 74 69 61 74 | 65 64 20 62 69 74 73 2e |erentiat|ed bits.| |00004ec0| 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 | There |should b| |00004ed0| 65 20 74 6f 6f 6c 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 70 65 72 66 |e tools |for perf| |00004ee0| 6f 72 6d 61 6e 63 65 20 | 61 6e 61 6c 79 73 69 73 |ormance |analysis| |00004ef0| 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 6f 6e | 69 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 | and mon|itoring | |00004f00| 6f 66 20 73 69 6e 67 6c | 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |of singl|e object| |00004f10| 73 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c | 6c 20 61 73 20 63 6f 6c |s as wel|l as col| |00004f20| 6c 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 6f 66 20 6f 62 6a 65 |lections| of obje| |00004f30| 63 74 73 2e 0d 54 68 65 | 72 65 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |cts..The|re shoul| |00004f40| 64 20 62 65 20 72 69 63 | 68 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 |d be ric|h librar| |00004f50| 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 |ies of c|omponent| |00004f60| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 |s, and t|he means| |00004f70| 20 74 6f 20 6e 61 76 69 | 67 61 74 65 20 77 69 74 | to navi|gate wit| |00004f80| 68 69 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |hin and |between | |00004f90| 74 68 65 6d 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 6f 20 6f 72 67 61 |them and| to orga| |00004fa0| 6e 69 7a 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 64 6d 69 6e 69 73 |nize and| adminis| |00004fb0| 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 6d | 2e 0d 54 68 65 72 65 20 |ter them|..There | |00004fc0| 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 | 65 20 61 20 77 65 6c 6c |should b|e a well| |00004fd0| 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 74 | 20 6f 75 74 20 64 69 73 | thought| out dis| |00004fe0| 74 69 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e |tinction| between| |00004ff0| 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 65 6e 76 | develop|ment env| |00005000| 69 72 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 65 78 65 |ironment| and exe| |00005010| 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 65 | 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d 65 |cution e|nvironme| |00005020| 6e 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 77 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 |nt, and |where th| |00005030| 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 64 | 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 |ey are d|ifferent| |00005040| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e |, the de|velopmen| |00005050| 74 20 65 6e 76 69 72 6f | 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 73 68 |t enviro|nment sh| |00005060| 6f 75 6c 64 20 6d 61 6e | 61 67 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ould man|age the | |00005070| 63 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 63 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 |communic|ation be| |00005080| 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 68 | 65 6d 20 69 6e 20 61 73 |tween th|em in as| |00005090| 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 | 72 65 6e 74 20 61 20 6d | transpa|rent a m| |000050a0| 61 6e 6e 65 72 20 61 73 | 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c |anner as| possibl| |000050b0| 65 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 |e. This| feature| |000050c0| 20 69 73 20 6d 69 73 73 | 69 6e 67 20 66 72 6f 6d | is miss|ing from| |000050d0| 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 | 20 4f 4f 44 4c 73 2c 20 | current| OODLs, | |000050e0| 62 75 74 20 69 74 20 69 | 73 20 65 73 73 65 6e 74 |but it i|s essent| |000050f0| 69 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 65 6c 69 |ial for |the deli| |00005100| 76 65 72 79 20 6f 66 20 | 4f 4f 44 4c 2d 62 61 73 |very of |OODL-bas| |00005110| 65 64 20 61 70 70 6c 69 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |ed appli|cations | |00005120| 74 6f 20 65 6e 64 2d 75 | 73 65 72 73 2e 0d 41 6e |to end-u|sers..An| |00005130| 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 | 6e 74 20 61 73 70 65 63 | importa|nt aspec| |00005140| 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 73 65 20 66 65 61 74 75 |t of the|se featu| |00005150| 72 65 73 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 |res is t|hat they| |00005160| 20 61 72 65 20 6d 75 74 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 73 75 | are mut|ually su| |00005170| 70 70 6f 72 74 69 6e 67 | 2c 20 66 6f 72 6d 69 6e |pporting|, formin| |00005180| 67 20 61 6e 20 6f 72 67 | 61 6e 69 63 20 77 68 6f |g an org|anic who| |00005190| 6c 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 73 |le. The| simples| |000051a0| 74 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d | 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |t implem|entation| |000051b0| 20 6f 66 20 65 61 63 68 | 20 64 65 70 65 6e 64 73 | of each| depends| |000051c0| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 65 78 69 73 74 65 6e 63 | on the |existenc| |000051d0| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 73 2e |e of the| others.| |000051e0| 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 61 | For ex|ample, a| |000051f0| 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 | 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 |utomatic| memory | |00005200| 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 72 65 6c 69 65 |manageme|nt relie| |00005210| 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 |s on the| ability| |00005220| 20 74 6f 20 77 61 6c 6b | 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 | to walk| memory | |00005230| 61 6e 64 20 69 64 65 6e | 74 69 66 79 20 6f 62 6a |and iden|tify obj| |00005240| 65 63 74 73 2e 20 20 41 | 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 65 |ects. A|nother e| |00005250| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 |xample i|s that r| |00005260| 61 70 69 64 20 70 72 6f | 74 6f 74 79 70 69 6e 67 |apid pro|totyping| |00005270| 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 | 73 20 72 61 70 69 64 20 | require|s rapid | |00005280| 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 63 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |modifica|tion of | |00005290| 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 2c 20 61 6e 64 |the prog|ram, and| |000052a0| 20 73 6f 20 69 6e 63 72 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 | so incr|emental | |000052b0| 64 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 20 | 6c 69 6e 6b 69 6e 67 20 |dynamic |linking | |000052c0| 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 73 20 | 65 73 73 65 6e 74 69 61 |becomes |essentia| |000052d0| 6c 2e 20 20 49 6e 63 72 | 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 |l. Incr|emental | |000052e0| 64 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 20 | 72 65 6c 69 6e 6b 69 6e |dynamic |relinkin| |000052f0| 67 20 75 74 69 6c 69 7a | 65 73 20 61 75 74 6f 6d |g utiliz|es autom| |00005300| 61 74 69 63 20 72 65 63 | 6c 61 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |atic rec|lamation| |00005310| 20 6f 66 20 73 74 6f 72 | 61 67 65 20 6f 63 63 75 | of stor|age occu| |00005320| 70 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 75 6e 63 |pied by |the func| |00005330| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 6d | 65 74 68 6f 64 73 2c 20 |tions, m|ethods, | |00005340| 61 6e 64 20 64 61 74 61 | 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 72 |and data| being r| |00005350| 65 70 6c 61 63 65 64 2e | 0d 4d 61 6e 79 20 70 65 |eplaced.|.Many pe| |00005360| 6f 70 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 65 72 63 69 |ople in |commerci| |00005370| 61 6c 20 69 6e 64 75 73 | 74 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |al indus|try and | |00005380| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 73 65 61 72 63 68 20 |in the r|esearch | |00005390| 63 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 74 | 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 72 |communit|y have r| |000053a0| 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 7a 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |ecognize|d the pr| |000053b0| 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 73 74 61 74 |oblems w|ith stat| |000053c0| 69 63 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 | 61 67 65 73 2c 20 61 6e |ic langu|ages, an| |000053d0| 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 73 74 61 72 |d some h|ave star| |000053e0| 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 | 75 69 6c 64 20 70 72 6f |ted to b|uild pro| |000053f0| 64 75 63 74 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 70 72 6f 76 69 |ducts th|at provi| |00005400| 64 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 |de some |of the f| |00005410| 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 4f 4f 44 4c 73 |eatures |of OODLs| |00005420| 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |. For e|xample, | |00005430| 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 | 69 76 65 20 70 72 6f 67 |interact|ive prog| |00005440| 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 | 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d |ramming |environm| |00005450| 65 6e 74 73 20 66 6f 72 | 20 73 74 61 74 69 63 20 |ents for| static | |00005460| 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 62 65 |language|s are be| |00005470| 67 69 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 61 70 70 65 61 |ginning |to appea| |00005480| 72 2e 20 20 57 65 20 61 | 70 70 6c 61 75 64 20 74 |r. We a|pplaud t| |00005490| 68 69 73 20 64 65 76 65 | 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 2e |his deve|lopment.| |000054a0| 20 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 | 72 2c 20 77 65 20 62 65 | Howeve|r, we be| |000054b0| 6c 69 65 76 65 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 73 74 61 72 74 |lieve th|at start| |000054c0| 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 61 20 73 74 61 74 69 |ing with| a stati| |000054d0| 63 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 | 67 65 20 72 65 71 75 69 |c langua|ge requi| |000054e0| 72 65 73 20 74 6f 6f 20 | 6d 61 6e 79 20 63 6f 6d |res too |many com| |000054f0| 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 73 | 2e 20 20 49 66 20 65 61 |promises|. If ea| |00005500| 63 68 20 4f 4f 44 4c 20 | 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 |ch OODL |feature | |00005510| 77 65 72 65 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 61 64 64 65 64 |were to |be added| |00005520| 20 69 6e 20 69 73 6f 6c | 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 | in isol|ation, t| |00005530| 68 65 20 6d 75 74 75 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 73 75 70 70 |he mutua|lly supp| |00005540| 6f 72 74 69 6e 67 20 63 | 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 |orting c|haracter| |00005550| 69 73 74 69 63 73 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 |istics w|ould be | |00005560| 6c 6f 73 74 2c 20 63 72 | 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 72 |lost, cr|eating r| |00005570| 65 64 75 6e 64 61 6e 63 | 79 2c 20 63 6f 6e 66 6c |edundanc|y, confl| |00005580| 69 63 74 73 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 6e 65 66 66 69 |icts, an|d ineffi| |00005590| 63 69 65 6e 63 79 2e 20 | 20 57 68 65 6e 20 69 6e |ciency. | When in| |000055a0| 73 74 65 61 64 20 74 68 | 65 73 65 20 66 65 61 74 |stead th|ese feat| |000055b0| 75 72 65 73 20 61 72 65 | 20 62 75 69 6c 74 20 74 |ures are| built t| |000055c0| 6f 67 65 74 68 65 72 20 | 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |ogether |into the| |000055d0| 20 63 6f 72 65 20 6f 66 | 20 61 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | core of| a progr| |000055e0| 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 2c 20 74 |amming s|ystem, t| |000055f0| 68 65 79 20 70 72 6f 76 | 69 64 65 20 61 20 73 69 |hey prov|ide a si| |00005600| 6d 70 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 73 65 63 75 72 65 20 |mple and| secure | |00005610| 66 6f 75 6e 64 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 67 |foundati|on for g| |00005620| 72 6f 77 74 68 2e 20 20 | 0d 54 68 65 20 63 6f 6d |rowth. |.The com| |00005630| 6d 6f 6e 20 63 72 69 74 | 69 63 69 73 6d 20 6f 66 |mon crit|icism of| |00005640| 20 4f 4f 44 4c 73 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 | OODLs i|s that w| |00005650| 65 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 | 20 61 66 66 6f 72 64 20 |e cannot| afford | |00005660| 74 68 65 6d 2e 20 20 4d | 6f 73 74 20 70 72 6f 67 |them. M|ost prog| |00005670| 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 73 20 | 76 69 65 77 20 4f 4f 44 |rammers |view OOD| |00005680| 4c 73 20 61 73 20 73 6c | 6f 77 20 61 6e 64 20 61 |Ls as sl|ow and a| |00005690| 73 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 | 20 68 6f 67 73 2e 20 20 |s memory| hogs. | |000056a0| 54 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 6f 6e 20 77 69 73 64 6f |The comm|on wisdo| |000056b0| 6d 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 4f 4f 44 4c 73 20 |m is tha|t OODLs | |000056c0| 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 6d | 61 6b 65 20 67 6f 6f 64 |do not m|ake good| |000056d0| 20 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 | 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 20 | use of |machine | |000056e0| 72 65 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 73 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 74 |resource|s. Fort| |000056f0| 75 6e 61 74 65 6c 79 2c | 20 74 68 69 73 20 76 69 |unately,| this vi| |00005700| 65 77 20 69 73 20 6f 75 | 74 20 6f 66 20 64 61 74 |ew is ou|t of dat| |00005710| 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 74 |e. The |combinat| |00005720| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 69 | 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 64 20 |ion of i|mproved | |00005730| 4f 4f 44 4c 20 69 6d 70 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 |OODL imp|lementat| |00005740| 69 6f 6e 20 74 65 63 68 | 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 61 |ion tech|nology a| |00005750| 6e 64 20 69 6e 63 72 65 | 61 73 69 6e 67 6c 79 20 |nd incre|asingly | |00005760| 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c | 20 68 61 72 64 77 61 72 |powerful| hardwar| |00005770| 65 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 4f | 4f 44 4c 73 20 65 6d 69 |e make O|ODLs emi| |00005780| 6e 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 70 | 72 61 63 74 69 63 61 6c |nently p|ractical| |00005790| 2e 20 20 45 76 65 72 79 | 20 79 65 61 72 20 6f 72 |. Every| year or| |000057a0| 20 74 77 6f 20 6f 75 72 | 20 68 61 72 64 77 61 72 | two our| hardwar| |000057b0| 65 20 67 65 74 73 20 74 | 77 69 63 65 20 61 73 20 |e gets t|wice as | |000057c0| 66 61 73 74 20 61 6e 64 | 20 68 61 73 20 74 77 69 |fast and| has twi| |000057d0| 63 65 20 61 73 20 6d 75 | 63 68 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 |ce as mu|ch memor| |000057e0| 79 2e 20 20 57 6f 75 6c | 64 20 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 |y. Woul|d anyone| |000057f0| 20 73 61 79 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 71 75 | say tha|t the qu| |00005800| 61 6c 69 74 79 20 6f 66 | 20 6f 75 72 20 73 6f 66 |ality of| our sof| |00005810| 74 77 61 72 65 20 68 61 | 73 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 |tware ha|s increa| |00005820| 73 65 64 20 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 |sed at t|he same | |00005830| 72 61 74 65 3f 20 20 50 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 |rate? P|rogrammi| |00005840| 6e 67 20 6d 75 73 74 20 | 62 65 20 6d 61 64 65 20 |ng must |be made | |00005850| 65 61 73 69 65 72 2c 20 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 66 |easier, |or the f| |00005860| 61 73 74 65 73 74 20 68 | 61 72 64 77 61 72 65 20 |astest h|ardware | |00005870| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 6f 72 6c 64 20 77 69 6c |in the w|orld wil| |00005880| 6c 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 67 | 69 76 65 20 75 73 20 69 |l only g|ive us i| |00005890| 6e 63 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 61 6c 20 73 6f 66 74 77 |ncrement|al softw| |000058a0| 61 72 65 20 69 6d 70 72 | 6f 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 |are impr|ovements| |000058b0| 2e 20 20 42 79 20 69 6e | 76 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 |. By in|vesting | |000058c0| 61 20 66 65 77 20 63 79 | 63 6c 65 73 20 77 65 20 |a few cy|cles we | |000058d0| 63 61 6e 20 65 6e 61 62 | 6c 65 20 61 20 6e 65 77 |can enab|le a new| |000058e0| 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 | generat|ion of a| |000058f0| 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 2e 0d 57 68 65 |pplicati|ons..Whe| |00005900| 6e 20 4d 61 63 69 6e 74 | 6f 73 68 20 77 61 73 20 |n Macint|osh was | |00005910| 66 69 72 73 74 20 72 65 | 6c 65 61 73 65 64 2c 20 |first re|leased, | |00005920| 6d 61 6e 79 20 70 65 6f | 70 6c 65 20 74 68 6f 75 |many peo|ple thou| |00005930| 67 68 74 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 |ght that| windows| |00005940| 2c 20 6d 65 6e 75 73 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 62 |, menus,| and a b| |00005950| 69 74 20 6d 61 70 70 65 | 64 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 |it mappe|d displa| |00005960| 79 20 77 65 72 65 20 61 | 20 77 61 73 74 65 20 6f |y were a| waste o| |00005970| 66 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e | 65 20 72 65 73 6f 75 72 |f machin|e resour| |00005980| 63 65 73 2e 20 20 57 65 | 20 73 65 65 20 69 6e 20 |ces. We| see in | |00005990| 72 65 74 72 6f 73 70 65 | 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 |retrospe|ct that | |000059a0| 74 68 69 73 20 77 61 73 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 72 75 |this was| not tru| |000059b0| 65 2e 20 20 57 68 61 74 | 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 69 73 |e. What| good is| |000059c0| 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 77 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | the pow|er of a | |000059d0| 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 | 2c 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 |computer|, if it | |000059e0| 63 61 6e d5 74 20 62 65 | 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 65 |can.t be| accesse| |000059f0| 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 75 | 73 65 72 3f 0d 54 68 69 |d by a u|ser?.Thi| |00005a00| 73 20 62 6f 6f 6b 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 73 |s book d|escribes| |00005a10| 20 44 79 6c 61 6e aa 2c | 20 61 20 6e 65 77 20 6f | Dylan.,| a new o| |00005a20| 62 6a 65 63 74 20 6f 72 | 69 65 6e 74 65 64 20 64 |bject or|iented d| |00005a30| 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 20 6c | 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 |ynamic l|anguage | |00005a40| 64 65 73 69 67 6e 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 41 70 70 6c |designed| by Appl| |00005a50| 65 2e 20 20 44 79 6c 61 | 6e 20 69 73 20 6f 75 72 |e. Dyla|n is our| |00005a60| 20 61 74 74 65 6d 70 74 | 20 61 74 20 61 20 6c 61 | attempt| at a la| |00005a70| 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 |nguage w|hich is | |00005a80| 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 | 79 65 74 20 70 6f 77 65 |simple, |yet powe| |00005a90| 72 66 75 6c 2c 20 6f 6e | 65 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |rful, on|e which | |00005aa0| 6b 65 65 70 73 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e |keeps pr|ogrammin| |00005ab0| 67 20 61 74 20 61 20 68 | 69 67 68 20 6c 65 76 65 |g at a h|igh leve| |00005ac0| 6c 20 62 75 74 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 63 61 6e 20 |l but wh|ich can | |00005ad0| 62 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 69 | 6c 65 64 20 65 66 66 69 |be compi|led effi| |00005ae0| 63 69 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 61 6e 64 20 68 61 73 20 |ciently |and has | |00005af0| 61 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 | 76 65 6c 79 20 6d 6f 64 |a relati|vely mod| |00005b00| 65 73 74 20 6d 65 6d 6f | 72 79 20 66 6f 6f 74 70 |est memo|ry footp| |00005b10| 72 69 6e 74 2e 0d 41 70 | 70 6c 65 20 61 6c 72 65 |rint..Ap|ple alre| |00005b20| 61 64 79 20 68 61 73 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 4f 4f 44 4c |ady has |one OODL| |00005b30| 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 | 3a 20 4d 61 63 69 6e 74 | product|: Macint| |00005b40| 6f 73 68 20 43 6f 6d 6d | 6f 6e 20 4c 69 73 70 2e |osh Comm|on Lisp.| |00005b50| 20 20 44 79 6c 61 6e 20 | 69 73 20 69 6e 74 65 6e | Dylan |is inten| |00005b60| 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e |ded to c|omplemen| |00005b70| 74 20 43 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e | 20 4c 69 73 70 2c 20 6e |t Common| Lisp, n| |00005b80| 6f 74 20 74 6f 20 72 65 | 70 6c 61 63 65 20 69 74 |ot to re|place it| |00005b90| 2e 20 20 43 6f 6d 6d 6f | 6e 20 4c 69 73 70 20 69 |. Commo|n Lisp i| |00005ba0| 73 20 61 20 72 69 63 68 | 20 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e |s a rich| environ| |00005bb0| 6d 65 6e 74 20 64 65 66 | 69 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 |ment def|ined by | |00005bc0| 61 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 | 72 64 20 61 6e 64 20 61 |a standa|rd and a| |00005bd0| 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 | 20 69 6e 20 63 6f 6d 70 |vailable| in comp| |00005be0| 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 69 | 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 |atible i|mplement| |00005bf0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f | 6e 20 61 20 62 72 6f 61 |ations o|n a broa| |00005c00| 64 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 | 6f 66 20 70 6c 61 74 66 |d range |of platf| |00005c10| 6f 72 6d 73 2e 20 20 44 | 79 6c 61 6e 20 69 73 20 |orms. D|ylan is | |00005c20| 6c 65 61 6e 20 61 6e 64 | 20 73 74 72 69 70 70 65 |lean and| strippe| |00005c30| 64 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 61 20 6d 69 6e 69 |d down t|o a mini| |00005c40| 6d 75 6d 20 66 65 61 74 | 75 72 65 20 73 65 74 2e |mum feat|ure set.| |00005c50| 20 20 41 74 20 70 72 65 | 73 65 6e 74 20 44 79 6c | At pre|sent Dyl| |00005c60| 61 6e 20 69 73 20 6e 6f | 74 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 |an is no|t availa| |00005c70| 62 6c 65 20 6f 6e 20 61 | 6e 79 20 70 6c 61 74 66 |ble on a|ny platf| |00005c80| 6f 72 6d 20 28 6f 75 74 | 73 69 64 65 20 41 70 70 |orm (out|side App| |00005c90| 6c 65 29 2c 20 62 75 74 | 20 69 73 20 69 6e 74 65 |le), but| is inte| |00005ca0| 6e 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 72 75 6e 20 6f 6e 20 61 |nded to |run on a| |00005cb0| 20 77 69 64 65 20 76 61 | 72 69 65 74 79 20 6f 66 | wide va|riety of| |00005cc0| 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 | 73 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | machine|s, inclu| |00005cd0| 64 69 6e 67 20 76 65 72 | 79 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 |ding ver|y small | |00005ce0| 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 73 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 64 6f |machines| that do| |00005cf0| 6e d5 74 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 68 6f 72 |n.t have| the hor| |00005d00| 73 65 70 6f 77 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 73 75 70 70 6f |sepower |to suppo| |00005d10| 72 74 20 61 20 6d 6f 64 | 65 72 6e 20 43 6f 6d 6d |rt a mod|ern Comm| |00005d20| 6f 6e 20 4c 69 73 70 2e | 20 20 43 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e |on Lisp.| Common| |00005d30| 20 4c 69 73 70 20 69 73 | 20 61 69 6d 65 64 20 70 | Lisp is| aimed p| |00005d40| 72 69 6d 61 72 69 6c 79 | 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |rimarily| at the | |00005d50| 4c 69 73 70 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 2c 20 |Lisp com|munity, | |00005d60| 77 68 69 6c 65 20 44 79 | 6c 61 6e 20 69 73 20 61 |while Dy|lan is a| |00005d70| 63 63 65 73 73 69 62 6c | 65 20 74 6f 20 61 70 70 |ccessibl|e to app| |00005d80| 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 |lication| develop| |00005d90| 65 72 73 20 75 6e 66 61 | 6d 69 6c 69 61 72 20 77 |ers unfa|miliar w| |00005da0| 69 74 68 20 4c 69 73 70 | 2e 20 20 43 6f 6d 6d 6f |ith Lisp|. Commo| |00005db0| 6e 20 4c 69 73 70 20 69 | 73 20 6f 72 69 65 6e 74 |n Lisp i|s orient| |00005dc0| 65 64 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 74 6f 77 61 72 64 73 20 |ed more |towards | |00005dd0| 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 61 74 | 6f 72 79 20 70 72 6f 67 |explorat|ory prog| |00005de0| 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 64 65 6c |ramming |with del| |00005df0| 69 76 65 72 79 20 63 61 | 70 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 |ivery ca|pability| |00005e00| 2c 20 77 68 69 6c 65 20 | 44 79 6c 61 6e 20 69 73 |, while |Dylan is| |00005e10| 20 6f 72 69 65 6e 74 65 | 64 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 | oriente|d more t| |00005e20| 6f 77 61 72 64 73 20 64 | 65 6c 69 76 65 72 79 20 |owards d|elivery | |00005e30| 77 69 74 68 20 65 78 70 | 6c 6f 72 61 74 6f 72 79 |with exp|loratory| |00005e40| 20 63 61 70 61 62 69 6c | 69 74 79 2e 20 0d 49 6e | capabil|ity. .In| |00005e50| 20 6f 75 72 20 72 65 73 | 65 61 72 63 68 20 61 6e | our res|earch an| |00005e60| 64 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f | 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 6c 61 |d develo|pment la| |00005e70| 62 73 2c 20 41 70 70 6c | 65 20 68 61 73 20 69 74 |bs, Appl|e has it| |00005e80| 73 20 6f 77 6e 20 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 |s own im|plementa| |00005e90| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 | 20 44 79 6c 61 6e 2c 20 |tions of| Dylan, | |00005ea0| 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 | 65 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 |which ar|e being | |00005eb0| 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 64 | 20 68 61 6e 64 20 69 6e |produced| hand in| |00005ec0| 20 67 6c 6f 76 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 | glove w|ith the | |00005ed0| 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 | 20 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 |language| definit| |00005ee0| 69 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 61 | 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 |ion as a| design | |00005ef0| 61 73 73 75 72 61 6e 63 | 65 20 6d 65 61 73 75 72 |assuranc|e measur| |00005f00| 65 2e 20 20 57 65 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 6c 69 6b |e. 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We w|ould be | |00005f50| 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c | 61 72 6c 79 20 69 6e 74 |particul|arly int| |00005f60| 65 72 65 73 74 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 77 6f 72 6b 69 |erested |in worki| |00005f70| 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 61 20 67 72 6f 75 70 20 |ng with |a group | |00005f80| 74 6f 20 63 72 65 61 74 | 65 20 61 20 72 65 66 65 |to creat|e a refe| |00005f90| 72 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6d | 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 |rence im|plementa| |00005fa0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 70 74 | 69 6d 69 7a 65 64 20 66 |tion opt|imized f| |00005fb0| 6f 72 20 70 6f 72 74 61 | 62 69 6c 69 74 79 20 72 |or porta|bility r| |00005fc0| 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 | 61 6e 20 70 65 72 66 6f |ather th|an perfo| |00005fd0| 72 6d 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 | 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 |rmance, |so that | |00005fe0| 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 20 63 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 74 72 79 |anyone c|ould try| |00005ff0| 20 6f 75 74 20 44 79 6c | 61 6e 20 6e 6f 20 6d 61 | out Dyl|an no ma| |00006000| 74 74 65 72 20 77 68 61 | 74 20 62 72 61 6e 64 20 |tter wha|t brand | |00006010| 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 | 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 79 |of compu|ter they| |00006020| 20 75 73 65 2e 20 20 42 | 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 44 | use. B|ecause D| |00006030| 79 6c 61 6e 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 74 72 61 64 65 6d |ylan is |a tradem| |00006040| 61 72 6b 20 6f 66 20 41 | 70 70 6c 65 20 43 6f 6d |ark of A|pple Com| |00006050| 70 75 74 65 72 2c 20 61 | 6e 79 6f 6e 65 20 69 6d |puter, a|nyone im| |00006060| 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6c |plementi|ng the l| |00006070| 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 | 6d 75 73 74 20 6f 62 74 |anguage |must obt| |00006080| 61 69 6e 20 70 65 72 6d | 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 74 |ain perm|ission t| |00006090| 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 2e 20 |o use th|e name. | |000060a0| 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 | 2c 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | However|, it is | |000060b0| 6f 75 72 20 69 6e 74 65 | 6e 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 68 |our inte|ntion th| |000060c0| 61 74 20 70 65 72 6d 69 | 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 |at permi|ssion wi| |000060d0| 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 67 72 | 61 6e 74 65 64 20 74 6f |ll be gr|anted to| |000060e0| 20 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 63 | anyone |with a c| |000060f0| 6f 6e 66 6f 72 6d 69 6e | 67 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d |onformin|g implem| |00006100| 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2e 0d 41 70 70 6c 65 20 |entation|..Apple | |00006110| 45 61 73 74 65 72 6e 20 | 52 65 73 65 61 72 63 68 |Eastern |Research| |00006120| 20 61 6e 64 20 54 65 63 | 68 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 | and Tec|hnology | |00006130| 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 6f 63 61 |will be |the foca| |00006140| 6c 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 | 66 6f 72 20 64 69 73 63 |l point |for disc| |00006150| 75 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 44 79 |ussion o|f the Dy| |00006160| 6c 61 6e 20 6c 61 6e 67 | 75 61 67 65 2c 20 69 74 |lan lang|uage, it| |00006170| 73 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d | 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |s implem|entation| |00006180| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | 74 73 20 66 75 74 75 72 |s, and i|ts futur| |00006190| 65 20 65 76 6f 6c 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 43 75 72 |e evolut|ion. Cur| |000061a0| 72 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 | 20 70 72 6f 73 70 65 63 |rent and| prospec| |000061b0| 74 69 76 65 20 75 73 65 | 72 73 20 6f 72 20 69 6d |tive use|rs or im| |000061c0| 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 6f | 72 73 20 6f 66 20 44 79 |plemento|rs of Dy| |000061d0| 6c 61 6e 2c 20 61 73 20 | 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 |lan, as |well as | |000061e0| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | 69 6e 67 20 6c 61 6e 67 |programm|ing lang| |000061f0| 75 61 67 65 20 72 65 73 | 65 61 72 63 68 65 72 73 |uage res|earchers| |00006200| 20 77 68 6f 20 61 72 65 | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 65 73 | who are| interes| |00006210| 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6f | 62 6a 65 63 74 20 6f 72 |ted in o|bject or| |00006220| 69 65 6e 74 65 64 20 64 | 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 20 6c |iented d|ynamic l| |00006230| 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 73 | 2c 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e |anguages|, are in| |00006240| 76 69 74 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 |vited to| comment| |00006250| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 6f | on the |design o| |00006260| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 | 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 61 |f the la|nguage a| |00006270| 6e 64 20 73 75 67 67 65 | 73 74 20 69 6d 70 72 6f |nd sugge|st impro| |00006280| 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 |vements |that are| |00006290| 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 | 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 68 | consist|ent with| |000062a0| 20 74 68 65 20 67 6f 61 | 6c 73 20 6e 6f 74 65 64 | the goa|ls noted| |000062b0| 20 61 62 6f 76 65 2e 20 | 57 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | above. |We will | |000062c0| 61 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f 6e | 74 69 6e 75 65 20 6f 75 |also con|tinue ou| |000062d0| 72 20 70 61 73 74 20 70 | 6f 6c 69 63 79 20 6f 66 |r past p|olicy of| |000062e0| 20 64 72 69 76 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 65 76 6f | driving| the evo| |000062f0| 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 |lution o|f the la| |00006300| 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 |nguage f|rom the | |00006310| 6e 65 65 64 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e |needs an|d commen| |00006320| 74 73 20 6f 66 20 6f 75 | 72 20 75 73 65 72 73 2c |ts of ou|r users,| |00006330| 20 77 68 6f 20 61 72 65 | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | who are| system | |00006340| 61 6e 64 20 61 70 70 6c | 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |and appl|ication | |00006350| 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 65 | 72 73 20 77 68 6f 73 65 |develope|rs whose| |00006360| 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 | 73 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 | previou|s experi| |00006370| 65 6e 63 65 20 69 73 20 | 6c 61 72 67 65 6c 79 20 |ence is |largely | |00006380| 77 69 74 68 20 63 6f 6e | 76 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e 61 |with con|ventiona| |00006390| 6c 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 | 67 65 73 2e 20 57 65 20 |l langua|ges. We | |000063a0| 68 6f 70 65 20 74 6f 20 | 69 6e 74 65 67 72 61 74 |hope to |integrat| |000063b0| 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 69 6e | 70 75 74 73 20 74 6f 20 |e all in|puts to | |000063c0| 6d 61 6b 65 20 44 79 6c | 61 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 |make Dyl|an the b| |000063d0| 65 73 74 20 6c 61 6e 67 | 75 61 67 65 20 77 65 20 |est lang|uage we | |000063e0| 63 61 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 74 |can and |use it t| |000063f0| 6f 20 62 72 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 65 6e 65 |o bring |the bene| +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.